Turkey, as a full package provider and as a country in its transition phase of producer and marketer regarding the apparel and the fashion industry, feels the pressure from the lower waged emerging countries. The removal of the quotas forced Turkey to put effort on the anticipation of the future and the development of competitive strategies.The strategies which are developed considering the future scenarios and future hypotheses that form scenarios have much strength to be successful. The aim of this study is to carry out the hypotheses or future images which cover the events that are probable to occur in future of 10 to 15 years and to assess Turkish situation within the conditions 22 hypotheses under 8 titles are established considering the current situation and dynamics of the world with an expert group involving specialists from both academia and the industry. The number of hypothesis is reduced by considering their probabilities to occur using a technique similar to Delphi. The current situation of Turkey is then evaluated using these findings.

On the emergence of marketing in the state economy focus to provide customer requirements, to adapt their products to these requirements and consumer resources. Paper aims to address the issue of promoting and improving the image of the companies in textile and leather industry, analyzing policies and strategies of economic and technical activities and techniques to promote the image of the companies in Romania and internationally area. Article begins by presenting the marketing mix components used, then we continue with an analysis for promoting techniques to improve the company image by presenting a case study on product, price, promotion and distribution. The article concludes by analyzing promotional companies in the textile and leather industry, giving brief details about each chapter

A wide variety of microcapsules has been used with fabrics in order to improve textile garments functionalities. Some active ingredients can be used in order to regulate the user temperature so as to avoid enormous changes in temperature. Phase Change Materials (PCM) are the most extended and they can be applied in different ways. Coating is one of the most feasible ones however, polymeric resin used can influence on the heating or cooling effect. This study suggests a way to measure fabrics and the influence of the resin which adheres microcapsules to fabrics.

The paper aims to briefly review specific provisions of labor legislation for the solving of labor disputes. Those rules are found in matters of discrimination in the payment settlements, the public sector staff as well as some personnel status or disciplinary (work stops at Status of Teachers ) and established a derogation from the common law (Labor Code Law nr.62/2011 of Social Dialogue) in resolving individual labor conflicts (former conflicts of rights). The role and importance of these regulations is that they give the parties the employment relationship, particularly employees, way, way more for rights enshrined in law. Appeals, complaints or expressions of individual grievances be settled outside the judicial system organ (the courts), authorizing officers, judicial administrative organs, which aim at restoring order violated.

After the globalization, one of the possibilities of the textile Valencian companies is diversification. The majority textile companies do not know the possibilities that offer them the new markets. They found barriers of entry that consider cannot overcome. The companies need tools that allow them to think about which are his possibilities. Tools for the strategic reflection, that allow them to analyse his technology and know how to make and to commercialize new products. Funded by IMPIVA (II Plan of Competitiveness of the Valencian Company) and ERDF: European Regional Development Fund, and in collaboration with the UPV GIITEX GROUP (Integrated Management Group Textile Industry Technical University of Valencia), the Association of Textile Businessmen of the Valencian Community (ATEVAL) has developed the project “DIVERSIFICATEX”. The result of this project is a tool specific promote diversification and assist companies to make strategic decisions based on technology and the market.

Knit fabrics provide outstanding comfort qualities and have long been preferred as fabrics in many kinds of clothing .Since knit fabrics are produced on different machines with different knit stitches and conditions to create different patterns and fabric types. In this paper, the Effect of yarn count and stitch length on width of flat knitted rib fabrics have been studied and an attempt is made to find out the effects with ANOVA.1x1 rib fabrics were produced with three different yarn counts of spun Acrylic yarn in three different stitch lengths .Effect of Yarn count and Stitch length were represented in bar diagrams. The measurement results were also analyzed by two factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA).It was found that yarn count has more impact on fabric width than stitch length.

The presence of microcapsules has increased in the textile field. They have been applied as a possible means of introducing new products to textiles, such as fragrances, antibiotics, skin hydrants, etc. This work is focused on the characterization of different fabrics impregnated with diverse nature microencapsulated commercial products. Diverse analysis techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), counter apparatus, foured transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), etc., and methods such as hydration effects, insect repellent test, etc., have been used in researches in order to characterize the fabrics functionalization. We concluded that analysis techniques and methods proposed allowed to be used for qualitative and quantitative characterization.

There are about 148,000 blind people in Brazil and approximately 2.4 million people who claim to have great difficulty to see. This large population might benefit from usage of assistive technologies that allow greater mobility and greater accessibility to public facilities, promoting this way social inclusion and improving quality of life. This paper presents the development of a fashion accessory – a cap – that alerts for shock of the head and upper part of the body with frontal obstacles. Such high obstacles are not detected by the touch of the stick that is typically used by visually impaired people. The developed product is a micro controlled cap with built-in circuit, optical obstacle detector and acoustic/tactile alarm. The caps were tested by 22 volunteers who also answered a questionnaire about the most important characteristics of the cap. Preliminary results show that most of the volunteers have easily learned how to operate the cap. Moreover, the possibility to independently turn on and of each one of the actuators (vibration motor and buzzer) has been considered of must importance.

The shape of a produced garment depends on the garment construction and the incorporated material. The end of the produced cloth depends on the qualities of the build material and its construction requirements. These can be estimated subjectively or objectively after the cloth is finished. The raw materials used to obtain clothing products, dictate the comfort of these products. The drape of the fabrics is one of the most significant properties which characterize the shape of produced cloths. Cellulose fibers, have fine silk and gloss, the resistance of polyester, the comfort provided in wool and flaxen in different climatic conditions, the absorption capacity of cotton, dimensional stability, and pronounced cloth covering that facilitate an easy maintenance as acrylic. Characteristics of fibers such as Tencel/ Lyocell and Modal, improve the sensitive textile materials made from fibers blended with them. (Transport of moisture, heat conductibility, cough, permeability to air and vapor, structure, drape coefficient. etc.). Particularly, in this paper, the capacity of Tencel fiber has been analyzed to improve textile materials` drape, made from fibers blended with that by a visual method, comparing the drape coefficient and drape fold number.

Every year, more than 5 million tons of textiles are generated in the European Union, and only a small amount (25%) is recycled, that is why there are strongly encouraged strategies, programs and business plans based on recycling of pre-consumer and post-consumer textile waste [2]. This paper presents in short a few projects made by the students from the Faculty of Textiles, Leatherwork and Industrial Management. They did intense research work and then they gave practical solutions for creative recycling of the textile industrial waste. There are shown some types of original products that can be used as an inspirational source by Romanian investors for developing small business.

In application of their theoretical models of excellence has many efforts and difficulties that can move, often unnoticed, when activities are carried out in normal course, without difficulty, but the subject of much technical analysis when there are disturbances of industrial activities. The materialization of these efforts is the "know - how" is specific to each enterprise, which is the basic element of industrial competitiveness. In many of clothing organizations, management systems are seen as internal dynamics, ie: as marketing, design, sales, production, distribution, financial services, accounting, etc.. The deficiencies analysis of current quality inspection types is to support the effort to draw conclusion of procedures and quality documentation, necessary to obtain quality products, by moving accent from the checking products to management and assurance processes undertaken in manufacturing companies.

The paper presents the coating of commercially available textile threads with metals in order to provide it with electroconductive properties. This can be done in different ways such as metallization, electroless deposition, electrodeposition, chemical coating, carbon and metallic compound inclusion and application of electroconductive composites. However, by using the coating method (through depositing layers), high performance textile threads are made electroconductive without losing their other properties. Furthermore, using a coated instead of a solid metal fibre is more cost-effective especially if the desired metal is expensive such as gold, platinum or silver because the required amount of metal is considerably less. The method was initially used for yarns and fabrics, but its application in threads’ production offers further potential in wearable systems.

The current paper argues on the importance to provide apparel retailers, supply chain members, stakeholders, and consumers with a meaningful size (showing actual garment measurements at specific points) and shape (showing actual garment target morphology) labeling system. Its benefits, at the consumers’ level, would be to improve shopping satisfaction. It would also help manufacturers, wholesalers and retailers order the right sizes and shapes for their target market(s); reduce returns and exchanges diminishing mark-downs, garbage. A number of issues need to be addressed for such a project to succeed. On the positive side: a large proportion of consumers state that they would appreciate the availability of a more informative size label. On the more problematic side: more than eighty percent of our respondents claim not knowing what their key body measurements are. The question then becomes “how to gather (and regularly update) these body measurements and ensure that the consumer has this information when shopping”.

The behavior to creasing of woven materials made from yarns type wool used in ready-made clothes has been analysed in this paper. Factors like fibrous composition, properties of constituent fibers, wovens’ structure parameters, mechanical properties of yarns that influenced the recovery capacity from crease were investigated through several tests which revealed their importance in the process.

The state of physical comfort experienced by a wearer under a given environmental condition is greatly influenced by the tactile, thermal and moisture transport properties of the fabric. The aim of this study is to identify the evaluating ways of comfort and physical properties of textile materials. It also describes the value of the measurements made by advanced instrumented measurement systems when used as part of comprehensive research program designed to explain human response to the wear comfort of functional clothing and materials

Today leather products to meet the increasing demands of consumers both aesthetic and functional. To meet the increasing need for designers of leather goods industry to possess professional knowledge and artistic taste, imagination, creative initiative. Creators have to know the product manufacturing process, applied technology, types of equipment used in production, new materials, so that the created can be achieved. Fashion magazines, product catalogs, books about the creation of clothing and accessories and even their history studies can provide examples of how they were solved various requirements of the theme. This paper examines the creative process for the bag to use as inspiration tie. The paper also presents a brief temporal evolution of the tie, stating that Croatia is the country where it first appeared. Tie presents original reasons that glasses, lanterns, animals, umbrellas, etc., being present in wardrobe both men and women both. So the tie is an ideal tool in the hands of developers, helping them to make products that will remain in history.

In quality management, the audit means a review of products quality, services, processes of an enterprise or of quality systems in general. The audit results are defined the corrective required actions , which takes into account the identification and elimination causes of nonconformities detected to prevent their repetition. “Quality audit is a systematic, independent and documented process, in purpose of obtaining the audit proofs and evaluate them objectively to determine the extent to which audit criteria are fulfilled.” [6] Audit quality is an essential tool for management, achieving organizational objectives in quality; its main purpose is to assess the corrective actions necessary to eliminate deficiencies and highlighting opportunities to improve the organization's quality system, processes and products that made in the quality system certification against international standards in this field.

Manufacturing cycle of a producer of knitwear and clothing require compliance of certain criteria that can bring or not, performance in quality. The complexity of a product is higher and as the consignment is greater, the risks of manufacturing the product will increase, and therefore will grow also the costs of obtaining high quality products. A first step is to establish the elements to be pursued in particular[10].

The work provide theoretical and technical-applied solutions for the use of creative methods in the design of garments using the innovational constructive approach with spatial-volumetric elements. The experimental researches were centered on the obtaining of garments with new shapes, lines with complex three-dimensional elements owing to the use of innovational procedures and creative design techniques. For this purpose the ”Balloon” technique has been elaborated, allowing to insert structural volumes into the three-dimensional designs without resorting to reunions or perfect entries. Another technique is the ”Whirl” named after the three-dimensional shape conferred to the fabric following a process of torsion and contouring into a voluminous protuberance or inversed cyclone. The draping technique applied in the experimental research differs from the traditional one by the direct decoration of a plain fabric piece adapted to the model.

Leather industry has to cope nowadays with major environmental problems because of the polluting processes (a World Bank report has placed the leather industry in the ninth place when considering the environmental impact).Therefore, increasing the environmental efficiency in the leather sector is the major aim of leather, auxiliary materials and equipment manufacturers. The development of new tanning agents is required to cope with the increasingly higher environmental pressure on the current tanning materials and processes such as tanning with chromium salts. This work deals with the preparation of tanning solutions based on Titanium (by processing solid wastes resulting from the process of obtaining highly pure titanium and that cannot be recycled in the industry yielding them), Zirconium, Aluminum.

Cotton fabric is treated in BTCA and SPH solution. We studied the aqueous extract pH in order to check if some modifications of the pH were performed when comparing cured and uncured samples with and without alkaline laundering. These results show that it is necessary to wash the fabric with alkaline solution after the treatment with BTCA in order to remove the unreacted acid from the fabric. The esterification of the polycarboxylic acid with hydroxyl groups in the fibers has been confirmed by FTIR analysis. We studied the peak ratio of 1720 cm-1/3336 cm-1 and the results show that the treatment is more effective when the fabric is cured at high temperatures.

This paper presents the results of testing to friction until deterioration for the knitted fabrics made by yarns of different nature and fineness. The tests were performed according to SR EN ISO 12947-2/2002 with the Nu-Martindale device.

The main objective of this paper is to develop professional skills and to train the general human values of future engineers. Therefore the upper school shall be responsible for forming engineers, able to handle any changes in the world. In this paper we have made the following: we defined the concept of humanization; we presented the humanization functions, it has been argued the need for humanization, we have established the humanization directions for the technical university and finally have been presented a model for training future engineers based on humanization. In the context of development and resolution of data load we took into account the two categories of subjects involved in the educational process the students / graduates and academic staff. Therefore the humanization process grows progressively within the formal of high school, by means of teachers and the individual efforts of study and reflection, through self-education, self - development.

This paper aims to contribute to understanding the role and importance of the concept of industrial ecology. Thus, are presented some notions about ecology, about the analogy between natural and industrial ecosystems, some points of view of specialists on industrial ecology, up to accepting the idea that industrial ecology is the science of sustainable development.

Footwear is found in ancient times, is related to socio-economic life, the level of culture and civilization of the society. It is a defense of the foot from humidity, cold, stones, sun. Footwear consists of vamp classic, quarters, language and piping. Depending on the model and other items still to be found, for example, the bellows boots, straps on sandals or basic parts can be broken into two parts (the top vamp, quarters with bask quarten). During the exploration of product parts are subjected to complex (repeated bending tests, the action of moisture, dust and radiation from the outside, the action inside sweat during use, wear through each), all this leading to the appearance of defects that feel the comfort in wearing. The paper analyzes the defects that occur during wear (eg. frame breaking, breaking shank, biting foot, broken seams, biting a pen cap) and propose ways to remedy them.

Experimental research aim to optimize the rational use of leather substitutes cutting flexible parts that are part of footwear products using parts of belt used in the production of leather goods type belt for women.

To date, the chemical industry has been using fossil resources to produce Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU). However, recently a bio-based alternative has been developed to produce TPU from renewable sources (plant oils). These environmentally-friendly TPUs can be used by different traditional industries (automotive, furniture, clothing, etc.) and the footwear industry is one of its potential consumers. Thus, the project titled “Thermoplastic polyurethane from renewable sources applied in footwear (EcoTPU)” was launched, co-funded by the European Commission through the Eco-innovation Programme, and aims at the EU market uptake of an innovative and environmentally-friendly TPU that can be used to produce footwear components, such as soles, toe puffs and counters.

Originally, leather production is governed by an eco-friendly industrial process, because slaughter house waste such as the hides/skins discarded as waste material, is processed into useful materials such as leather goods, footwear and garments. During the leather making process, tanning is one of the most important operations, in which the tanning agents react with the collagen, stabilizing the triple helical structure of collagen matrix, thereby the leather acquiring resistance towards chemical, thermal and microbiological degradation. The currently employed commercial chrome tanning for leather processing requires re-examination in the light of growing concern regarding the ecological inacceptability of chromium in tannery effluents. It seems more meaningful to render chrome tanning more ecologically acceptable and complete by improving (a) exhaustion characteristics and (b) the filling mechanism of the tanning system. Improvements in tanning process can now be achieved by (a) use of exhaust aids, (b) reuse/recycle methods and (c) use of high exhaust chrome tanning salts. This paper highlights a chrome tanning process in conjunction with acidic amino acids (AAs) as well as aldehyde tanning assisted with D-Lysine (as alternative to chrome tanning) to achieve eco-efficiency as well as better quality of product.

In a textile spinning factory yarn is produced according to buyer requirements. Achieving this target is depended on several factors. Spinning factory runs shift wise. Count variation is one of the major faults of spinning. Statistical approach should be established at every sphere of the textile industry to dominate the export world.The application of statistics to analyze is there any difference in mean number of yarn count differences due to shift and machine number. So, two ways ANOVA may be useful to do this analysis. In this paper count variations (yarn produced by different ring frames and different shifts) are analyzed by two factorial ANOVA. This type of work can find out gigantic problems and their simple solution.

The paper is analyzing the colors from sensorial-perceptive point of view point. The color, as one of the most important visual instruments can became a characteristic element of products, brands or company identification by using its special capabilities conveyed through technique. In trade, the color has a major role for advertising, packaging, and can and must communicate information about the quality and other characteristics of products. The principles that underlie the use and the functionality of color for the industrial products have been investigated.

In this paper we present a black dress. A black dress is no longer just a garment of mourning and becomes an attribute of elegance. A black dress, can be mini, midi or maxi, is the most elegant dress, and no one can challenge this

The paper presents a study regarding the changes dimensions of the shoe lasts, by using Delcam CRISPIN – Last Maker function Grade. The puprose is to obtain shoe lasts for inferior and superior sizes of the lasts from the database that were obtained width ModelTracer and Last Maker software

Despite the present problems, the textile industry is of great importance in Serbian economy, and it has the perspective to become the one of the most important economy branches if it employs all advantages and successfully overcomes the key problems.Textile and clothing competition is possible only if the following factors are taken into account: price, as the factor that usually stands out, and non-price factors such as product quality, design, rich assortment, top-line standardization, and market organization and delivery term. Due to nonprice factors, many companies in textile industry from developed countries acquire high competition. Because the performances of high quality are dominating factor of competition in the developed countries’ markets, Serbian exporters are not competitive in this sector, and it creates the necessity to improve the competition position on the international market that will be based on the non-price factors of competition

The check pattern fabrics produced through the association of groups of yarns with different weaves, setting and/or lengthwise density have equal dimensions of the weave repeat along the two directions, longitudinal and cross making checks. The check effect at these fabrics is produced by simultaneously associating on cross and longitudinal stripes, the weaves with significantly different mean float, resulting in a contrasting appearance that can be outlined by using, at the same time, different colors. The algorithm for the mass calculus for the check pattern fabric from weave through the method of yarns number is presented as a flow chart, where the sequence of calculi is based on the logics of the dependence of data processing, in order to obtain the mass value per yarn systems and per the whole fabric. The flow chart has been conceived such that it can also be used as the basis for the development of a logical diagram meant to serve at the realization of a computer assisted design software.

In a knitting factory, any activity orientated toward the evaluation, maintenance or improvement the products quality level is based on the measurement and analysis of product quality features, in order to establish the compliance to quality specifications and/or non-quality characteristics (evaluated and controled through defects and unconformities). It can be considered that non-quality is complentary to quality, although not always a clear delimitation can be made between the two cathegories or states. This paper presents the way of evaluating the quality of the knitted produced on circular machines using a complex method of personal conception (G – F – Nd method), based on gravity – frequency – number of flaws criteria. The idea which lies at the base of this method is: defects that affect significantly the quality are the ones of high frequency and gravity.

The breaking force as a cloth characteristics imposed itself as there was a demand for cloths having good performances concerning the tensile stress, especially when this characteristic represents the main component of the cloth quality. The method and algorithm for the calculation of the cloth breaking force proposed in the specialized literature [1] is based on indirect structural elements, such as „breaking length” measured in kilometers, while for the determination of the breaking force on yarn systems, the concept of „conditioned breaking length” was proposed, calculated in terms of the weight of the masses of the two yarn systems in the cloth mass. Here comes the necessity to develop a method and an algorithm for the breaking force calculation, which can be practically used by cloth designers. The algorithm for cloth breaking force calculation proposed in this work is based on its basic structural components, the yarns from the two systems, warp and weft, which, through their integration within the cloth, provide and determine the breaking force by means of the two basic characteristics: longitudinal density and yarn count.

For finished cotton knitted fabrics required areal density, width and lower shrinkage values are vital quality requirements in order to produce garments with satisfactory dimensional performance.So achieving required finished areal density (generally expressed as GSM i.e. Grams per Square Meter) and width with an acceptable shrinkage value is always the ultimate target of a finished fabric manufacturer.As there is no direct relation with grey knitting parameters to the finished fabric specification,knitters and finishers generally go for a number of sample trials to meet the target. But this practice is too much time consuming and expensive.In this work, with the help of simple weft knitted fabric geometry, it has been shown that some mathematical relations may be established with finished fabric dimension to the stitch length (length of yarn in a knitted loop) in the fabric and the derived equations may be conveniently used for predicting GSM, width and ultimately shrinkage of a finished cotton knitted fabric.

The paper presents the design of the robes of the “Lucian Blaga” University in Sibiu, continuing with the presentation of some aspects regarding the technological design. The robes are designed for specific University ceremonies (receiving delegates from other universities, opening the academic year, festive courses, offering "Doctor", "Doctor Honoris Causa" or "Senator of Honor" titles). They are for persons receiving the titles mentioned above, professors from the university management (president, rector, pro-rectors, deans, scientific secretary, and senators of the university) and graduates. The components of the robes are described, with particularizations by their user. Also, for the technological design phase, the main operations of mechanical and manual sewing are given. It is mentioned that for each manufacturing sheet, a technological sheet is made. Because the number of technological sheets is high, this parer presents only one sheet for one of the most complex manufacturing operations.

This paper presents a study of the correlation between two major anthropometric parameters, by the mathematical statistical applications corresponding to the bidimensional distributions for following pairs: - Global dimensions of the human body (body height - bust perimeter), - Body height - waist perimeter, - Bust perimeter - waist perimeter, a study that was carried out on a sample of 150 men aged between 20-29 years. Based on theoretical and experimental results shown in this paper can then properly structure the main stages of the manufacturing process. Combinations of sizes and weights of framing made rationally affect specific consumption and hence production costs.

In the processes of armchairs and sofas upholstering with leather covers, there are used many kinds of materials: leather, split hide, cloth, batting and some auxiliar materials such as: threat, zippers, backing bands, burr etc. Considering all these materials, the leather parts represent the most important starting material knowing its value but the specific technological conditions of its cutting-on and assembling, too. When the upholstering technological process is conceived, the operations specific for the leather parts are very important. The same importance is given to the operations of preparing and assembling of different materials parts, so that, in the end, the leather upholstery must give the impression that it was made of an entire leather roll which was uniform as structure and aspect. The paper presents some based operations used at the leather armchairs and sofas upholstering

The objective of the paper concerning the influence of the raw material on tensile strength and elongation at break for the knitted fabrics used to produce socks. The tests were performed according to SR EN ISO 13934-2:2002 with the Titan2 Strength Tester device. [3]. Were subjected to tensile the knitted samples made from different types of yarns such as cotton, viscose, bamboo, soy, Tencel

Research in general irregular-shape nesting can be used in confection industry for nesting leather and synthetic product parts. Today there are solutions for synthetic products, while solutions for leather products are still under development. Our research is oriented to improved footwear design efficiency, while assister by computer. We treated almost each stage of footwear design, and we observed that our studies regarding economical efficiency can be used also for nesting parts of synthetic products. However, the big goal is to create a professional nesting software for leather, but until then, nesting parts of synthetic products can be considered a small victory.

In recent decades, the leather industry (gloves) has grown considerably. Such a development was possible through diversification of raw materials, manufacturing technology modernization, improve working conditions. The stitches are used to assemble cut parts from various materials to create finished products. Currently known and used the following methods of producing gloves, ie, chain stitch, single stitch with two threads, cover stitch edge, stitching by hand. The present paper analyzes the methods of construction of the gloves. Methods presented in the paper manufacturing gloves serve to create original and interesting collections

The theoretical researches and the conducted experiments allowed us to elaborate a series of new models of garments for girls. The dimensions of these products may be changed owing to the combination of materials with different extensibility properties (fabric and tricot), as well as by the use of proper principles of adjustment and fixation, superimposition and introduction. At the pre-design stage the anthropomorphological characteristics of wearers and their conformation particularities, functions and specific requirements, constructive and technological design properties of garments have been identified. The experimental researches were aimed at elaborating a series of new models of garments with shapes and dimensions adequate for the psycho-physiological and anthropomorphological characteristics of children with metabolic syndrome. This work addresses the problem of designing garments for the specific target groups of wearers – children affected by metabolic syndrome.